Fitness instructors need to have:

• skill in physical education, aerobics, personal training or testing people's fitness
• an understanding of anatomy and physiology
• knowledge of health and fitness, including knowledge of fitness assessment techniques
• expertise in first aid
• knowledge of gym equipment and how to operate it correctly
• an understanding of how to prescribe and demonstrate safe, effective exercises and routines
• an awareness of basic nutrition principles
• good communication and people skills
• problem-solving skills for determining which exercises suit different clients.

Aerobics instructors also need to know about choreography and leading exercise classes. 

Personal trainers often work as self-employed contractors, so they need to have sales skills and the ability to develop and maintain their own client base. Business administration skills are also useful.

Fitness instructors need to be:

• patient, friendly and supportive
• able to lead and motivate others
• professional and able to make good judgements
• organised and adaptable.

Fitness instructors need to be energetic, fit, healthy and strong, have good co-ordination and a clear voice.