To become an ecologist, you usually need a Masters degree in ecology or a related area such as botany or zoology. A PhD is generally required for research-based positions.

At the technician level, a Bachelor’s degree in a related science subject is the minimum entry requirement.

Ecologists gain or refine skills on the job, and attend conferences and courses to improve their knowledge.

Ecologists working at the technician level often study for a Master's or PhD degree while working. They are also mentored by the scientists whose projects they are working on. This helps them gain practical skills for carrying out specific experiments.

Experience as a science technician (such as from summer placements during Masters study) is very valuable. Work as a volunteer in ecology and conservation is also useful.

Experience driving four-wheel-drive and all-terrain vehicles may be useful when doing field work.